The Indus Water Treaty, signed on September 19, 1960, between India and Pakistan, is a critical agreement governing the water distribution of the Indus River system. Under this treaty, India was granted control over the waters of three major rivers of Punjab — Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi — while Pakistan retained control over the Indus River and its two key tributaries, the Jhelum and Chenab. The treaty was crucial for both nations, as it not only provided a framework for managing shared water resources but also helped mitigate tensions over water distribution.